run{
allocate channel d1 type disk;
backup
incremental cumulative level 1 或者level=1
(database format 'f:\backup\db_%d_%s_%p_%t');
}
rman报错：
RMAN>run{
2> allocate channel d1 type disk;
3> backup
4> incremental cumulative
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01005: syntax error: found "cumulative": expecting one of: "level"
RMAN-01007: at line 4 column 15 file: b_whole_inc1.rcv
我是按oracle的中文教程来学习的，不知道是打印错了还是我的理解有问题，请指教
| 一不 回复于：2003-09-22 21:24:45 |
| 非得做增量么？你的教程是什么版本的，数据库又是什么版本的？做增量怪麻烦的。 |
| lb_20016 回复于：2003-09-23 08:46:02 |
| 我的是windows平台下的oracle8.17的版本，我看的书是机械出版社出的《oracle备份与恢复培训教程》。 |
| lb_20016 回复于：2003-09-23 09:25:27 |
| 我把上述代码中的cumulative 关键字去掉的话，代码就能够执行了，增量备份不是有差异增量备份（默认方式）和累积增量备份两种吗，去掉cumulative 我想应该就是默认的差异增量备份，我怎么样才能进行累积增量备份呢，我试了若干写法rman都报错，非常疑惑中，请指教 |
| nomood 回复于：2003-09-23 09:45:52 |
| error encountered while parsing input commands RMAN-01005: syntax error: found "cumulative": expecting one of: "level" RMAN-01007: at line 4 column 15 file: b_whole_inc1.rcv 错误明显，是多了cumulative 备份的方式由level控制 |
| nomood 回复于：2003-09-23 09:48:12 |
| lb_20016，仔细读完以下解答，应该会帮助你理解incremental backup *************************************** Let's talk about backups and backup types. What types of backups can we do? 1. Full - All used blocks are copied to output. 2. Incremental - Backing up all used blocks since a backup => LEVEL N Level is a base number used at block level to identify if the block is => the incremental number specified. It's really not that bad. If I back up using an LEVEL 2 incremental backup strategy then 1st I would have a full or LEVEL 0 incremental backup for the baseline starting on Sunday. Then perform a LEVEL 2 backup on Monday and then again on Tuesday, I only backup what changes each day. When I do a LEVEL 1 backup on Wednesday the I get all blocks that have changed since the LEVEL 0 backup because LEVEL 1 is < the 2 it continues to backup what the level 2 backups had already done a backup of the 2 days before. Next run the LEVEL 2 backups Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, then back to the Sunday Level 0 backup so we get a fresh copy of all used blocks in the database. LVL - Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 0 Baseline ( All Used Blocks  2 ---------| 2 ------------| 1 ---------------------------------------------| 2 ---------------| 2 -----------| 2 -------------| 0 Baseline New With this strategy we can restore and recover a database only having to restore 2-3 incrementals besides the baseline to recover the database to as current a state as possible. The nice thing is when you tell RMAN to recover it will try and perform a complete recovery and when you set until for incomplete recovery RMAN still determines what backups will be needed to recover until a point in time, a logseq, or an scn number. All set until recoveries are still resolved to an scn by RMAN if "until time" or "until logseq" are used. set snapshot controlfile name to '@snapcf_TARGET.f'; run { allocate channel t1 type 'sbt_tape'; sql "alter system archive log current"; backup incremental level 2; format 'df_%t_%s_%p' database; sql "alter system archive log all"; backup format 'cf_%t_%s_%p' current controlfile; } Incremental backups are only available in the Oracle Enterprise Edition. The levels 0 and 1-4 are only reference points. One level does not backup blocks any differently. But the level that was last used will be retained in the block header so when you specify a higher level the candidate blocks are verified in descending order. |
| lb_20016 回复于：2003-09-23 09:48:18 |
| [quote:0294499d13="nomood"]error encountered while parsing input commands RMAN-01005: syntax error: found "cumulative": expecting one of: "level" RMAN-01007: at line 4 column 15 file: b_whole_inc1.rcv 错误明显，是多了cu..........[/quote:0294499d13] 差异增量和累积增量都有level级别的，level=1的话怎么能够判断是哪种增量方式呢？ |
| nomood 回复于：2003-09-23 10:04:07 |
| [quote:6505ac8e15="nomood"]error encountered while parsing input commands RMAN-01005: syntax error: found "cumulative": expecting one of: "level" RMAN-01007: at line 4 column 15 file: b_whole_inc1.rcv 错误明显，是多了cu..........[/quote:6505ac8e15] 查了下，应该是语法错误 RMAN> run { 2> allocate channel dev01 type disk; 3> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database; 4> release channel dev01; 5> } |
| nomood 回复于：2003-09-23 10:06:01 |
| 以下是incremental 与Cumulative incremental的说明 9. Incremental backups A level N incremental backup backs up blocks that have changed since the most recent incremental backup at level N or less. 9.1. Level 0 - the basis of the incremental backup strategy RMAN> run { 2> allocate channel dev1 type disk; 3> backup 4> incremental level 0 5> filesperset 4 6> format '/oracle/backups/sunday_level0_%t' 7> (database); 8> release channel dev1; 9> } Line# 4: Level 0 backup - backups of level > 0 can be applied to this 5: Specifies maximum files in the backupset A list of the database backupsets will show the above backup. The 'type' column is marked 'Incremental'; the 'LV' column shows '0'. 9.2. Example backup strategy using incremental backups A typical incremental backup cycle would be as follows: - Sun night - level 0 backup performed - Mon night - level 2 backup performed - Tue night - level 2 backup performed - Wed night - level 2 backup performed - Thu night - level 1 backup performed - Fri night - level 2 backup performed - Sat night - level 2 backup performed If the database suffered a failure on Sat morning and this resulted in a restore operation, RMAN could recover to the point of failure by restoring the backups from Sunday, Thursday, and Friday. This is because Thursdays level 1 backup contains all changes since Sunday, and Friday's level 2 backup contains all changes since Thursday. Whether the database could be completely recovered would depend on whether archive logging is enabled. 10. Cumulative incremental backups A cumulative incremental backup backs up all blocks that have changed since the the most recent incremental backup at level N-1 or less (contrast with non-cumulative incremental backups that backup blocks that have changed since the the most recent incremental backup at level N or less). This means that more work is done in performing the backup (duplication of backup effort), but time may be saved when restoring (potentially fewer backupsets to restore). RMAN> run { 2> allocate channel dev01 type disk; 3> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database; 4> release channel dev01; 5> } |
| lb_20016 回复于：2003-09-23 10:38:08 |
| 恩，学习中.......... |
| lb_20016 回复于：2003-09-23 10:42:45 |
| 果然是语法错误，这本书已经有两个地方出现语法错误了，误人子弟，特别是对我这样的新手，谢谢大家的帮助！！ |
| rollingpig 回复于：2003-09-23 10:59:14 |
| hehe 还是找本英文的来看吧！！ |
| lb_20016 回复于：2003-09-23 11:06:48 |
| [quote:a64c2f0fed="rollingpig"]hehe 还是找本英文的来看吧！！[/quote:a64c2f0fed] 呵呵，一直在尝试，但都是看了几十页就看不下了，速度太慢了，虽然英语还可以  |
